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Shaft Alignment 101: Runout | ACOEM
Measuring and eliminating runout of rotating equipment is an essential part of shaft alignment and machinery maintenance. This machine shaft alignment video presents the concepts of measuring runout in rotating equipment.
00:00 - Intro
00:20 - Causes of Runout
00:46 - Measuring Runout
01:30 - Mounting the Runout Probe
02:33 - Bent Shaft and/or Eccentric Coupling?
►To learn more about the Acoem Runout Probe featured in the video, please visit: www.acoem.us/runout-probe
►Click here to subscribe to Acoem: ua-cam.com/channels/jeytX_Vy_dgUZqAc755ayg.html
Connect with Acoem:
►US Website: acoem.us/
►LinkedIn: www.linkedin.com/company/acoemusa
►Facebook: AcoemUSA/
►Twitter: AcoemUSA
►Instagram: acoemusa
“I Feel Good” licensed via Music Vine: ROXMA06WAZNX9FVO
#shaftalignment #maintenance #engineering
Переглядів: 1 720

Відео

How To Use A Micrometer | Precision Maintenance Toolbox | ACOEM
Переглядів 6573 місяці тому
A micrometer is a gauge that is meant to measure small distances or thicknesses between its two contact faces. Each face can be moved away from or towards the other by turning a screw with a fine thread. The micrometer is an essential tool for measuring anything with precision. Follow along with Acoem technical trainer Stan Riddle as he guides us through the parts of a micrometer, how to read i...
AT-400 Shaft Alignment Tool - Explore the Features | ACOEM
Переглядів 1,4 тис.4 місяці тому
Explore the features of the Acoem AT-400, a state-of-the-art precision shaft alignment tool. This comprehensive solution empowers users to align rotating equipment with flexibility, confidence, and precision. 00:00 - Intro 00:27 - Alignment Sensors 01:04 - GuideU™ Interface 01:28 - Measurement Methods 01:53 - Machinery Alignment Programs 02:01 - Geometric Measurement Capabilities 02:22 - Cloud ...
How To Use A Stroboscope to Measure RPM | Precision Maintenance Toolbox | ACOEM
Переглядів 1,4 тис.5 місяців тому
Measuring the running speed or RPM of your machinery can be performed with a stroboscope. Identifying the operating speed of your machinery is an important part of conscientious condition monitoring. Significant loss of time and productivity can occur if your machinery is not operating at the correct RPM. Follow along with Acoem technical trainer Stan Riddle as he guides us through the process ...
Webinar: Selecting the Best Vibration Monitoring Method for your Rotating Machinery | ACOEM
Переглядів 6665 місяців тому
Join Acoem’s Mark Frogley, Director of Advisor and Training, for a webinar exploring how to maximize the potential of your machinery and your organization with vibration monitoring utilizing the latest advancements in wireless, wired, and route-based technologies. In this discussion, Acoem USA will delve into the capabilities of today’s cutting-edge vibration sensor technology. Experience reduc...
How To Use Sheave Gauges | Precision Maintenance Toolbox | ACOEM
Переглядів 1,5 тис.6 місяців тому
Due to constant usage, sheave grooves accumulate wear which affects the life span of belt drives. Worn sheaves accelerate belt wear and reduce the operational efficiency of belt drives. Using belt and sheave gauges is an easy way to monitor machine wear and determine if further action is required. Follow along with Acoem technical trainer Stan Riddle as he guides us through the process of how t...
How To Use A Belt Tension Gauge | Precision Maintenance Toolbox | ACOEM
Переглядів 10 тис.6 місяців тому
Proper belt tension affects the efficiency and life span of belt drives. If tension is low, slip can occur. If tension is high, it can cause the belt to snap and result in bearing or pulley damage. The answer to proper tension is to use a belt tension gauge and follow suit with the appropriate adjustments. Follow along with Acoem technical trainer Stan Riddle as he guides us through the process...
Shaft Alignment 101: Offset & Angularity | ACOEM
Переглядів 5 тис.8 місяців тому
Shaft alignment of rotating equipment is an essential part of machinery maintenance. This machine shaft alignment video presents the concepts of offset and angularity. This is the second Shaft Alignment 101 video in a series from Acoem - www.acoem.us 00:00 - Intro 01:07 - Example One: Offset Misalignment 01:40 - Example Two: Angular Misalignment 02:10 - Angularity 02:25 - Calculations 03:07 - P...
Shaft Alignment 101: The Basics | ACOEM
Переглядів 8 тис.8 місяців тому
Shaft alignment of rotating equipment is an essential part of machinery maintenance. This shaft alignment video presents the most basic concepts of alignment. This video is the first in a series from Acoem www.acoem.us 00:00 - Intro 00:36 - Tolerance Tables 00:52 - Collinear 01:07 - Offset & Angular Misalignment 01:35 - Correcting Misalignment 02:17 - Key Points of Defining Misalignment Subsequ...
Sparrow Wireless Vibration Sensors - Every Asset Counts | ACOEM
Переглядів 2 тис.9 місяців тому
The Sparrow is a state-of-the-art wireless vibration sensor that seamlessly integrates into Acoem’s ecosystem of condition monitoring solutions. Deploy these modern sensors for ongoing surveillance of your less critical assets, enabling well-informed decision-making in your plant's maintenance and operations. The Sparrow provides a cost-effective solution on a per-point basis and functions seam...
AT-400 Shaft Alignment Tool - Dual Precision at Every Turn | ACOEM
Переглядів 3,8 тис.10 місяців тому
Introducing the Acoem AT-400, a state-of-the-art precision shaft alignment tool. With 2-axis PSD alignment sensors, dual sweep, and dual multipoint methods, it ensures accurate alignment over a 65 feet (20 meter) measuring distance. Featuring the user-friendly GuideU™ interface, cloud connectivity for easy report uploads, and a lifetime warranty, the AT-400 is Acoem's most comprehensive and use...
Align With Possibilities | September 6th
Переглядів 39811 місяців тому
We're on the brink of revealing the newest chapter in our rich history of innovation, and we hope you'll share our enthusiasm. Get ready for a new era of precision alignment. Mark your calendars for September 6th, 2023. ►Click here to subscribe to Acoem: ua-cam.com/channels/jeytX_Vy_dgUZqAc755ayg.html Connect with Acoem: ►Global Website: acoem.com/ ►US Website: acoem.us/ ►Discover our Hands-On ...
Investing in Condition Monitoring | On Reliability | ACOEM
Переглядів 706Рік тому
James Otremba shares his tips on how industrial organizations can benefit from investing in condition monitoring. 00:00 - Intro/Setting Up Condition Monitoring 00:16 - What Is Condition Monitoring? 00:28 - Reducing Catastrophic Failures 00:53 - Maintenance Teams and Expenses 01:08 - Good Reliability Technician On Reliability is an exploratory series of stories, lessons, and wisdom as told by th...
Slipping Into Reactive Maintenance | On Reliability | ACOEM
Переглядів 408Рік тому
Bob Arnold shares his observations of how organizations can easily slip into a culture of reactive maintenance. 00:00 - Intro/Slipping Into Reactive Cycle 00:32 - Lack of People 00:56 - Maintaining Program 01:17 - Reliability Challenges On Reliability is an exploratory series of stories, lessons, and wisdom as told by the individuals who work in maintenance and reliability. Stay tuned for more!...
How To Perform Pre-Alignment | Shaft Alignment Training | ACOEM
Переглядів 5 тис.Рік тому
How To Perform Pre-Alignment | Shaft Alignment Training | ACOEM
AT-100 Shaft Alignment Tool - Walkthrough - Metric | ACOEM
Переглядів 1,9 тис.Рік тому
AT-100 Shaft Alignment Tool - Walkthrough - Metric | ACOEM
AT-100 Shaft Alignment Tool - Walkthrough - Imperial | ACOEM
Переглядів 2,2 тис.Рік тому
AT-100 Shaft Alignment Tool - Walkthrough - Imperial | ACOEM
Advisor - How it Works | ACOEM
Переглядів 1,8 тис.Рік тому
Advisor - How it Works | ACOEM
Advisor - The Pathway to Condition-Based Maintenance | ACOEM
Переглядів 1,1 тис.Рік тому
Advisor - The Pathway to Condition-Based Maintenance | ACOEM
Dial Indicators vs. Laser Shaft Alignment | ACOEM
Переглядів 8 тис.2 роки тому
Dial Indicators vs. Laser Shaft Alignment | ACOEM
Two Plane Balancing
Переглядів 2,9 тис.2 роки тому
Two Plane Balancing
Single Plane Balancing
Переглядів 2,7 тис.2 роки тому
Single Plane Balancing
Four methods of measuring running speed
Переглядів 1,4 тис.2 роки тому
Four methods of measuring running speed
COPS - Federal Funding for Community Policing
Переглядів 5522 роки тому
COPS - Federal Funding for Community Policing
Single Degree of Freedom
Переглядів 4 тис.2 роки тому
Single Degree of Freedom
Acoem and LiveView Webinar - Acoustic Threat Detection
Переглядів 6682 роки тому
Acoem and LiveView Webinar - Acoustic Threat Detection
Visual Inspection of Pump and Assembly: What to Look For
Переглядів 10 тис.2 роки тому
Visual Inspection of Pump and Assembly: What to Look For
Uncoupled Shaft Alignment
Переглядів 8 тис.2 роки тому
Uncoupled Shaft Alignment
Acoem's Wind Power Solutions
Переглядів 4083 роки тому
Acoem's Wind Power Solutions
FALCON condition monitoring has never been so easy!
Переглядів 4,2 тис.3 роки тому
FALCON condition monitoring has never been so easy!

КОМЕНТАРІ

  • @tiputypertiger
    @tiputypertiger 27 днів тому

    How we get the value of -16 and -36 at the driven equipment feet?

  • @Appachans
    @Appachans 29 днів тому

    very good explanation, thanks

  • @ofeelma
    @ofeelma Місяць тому

    What is causing all the teeth to shred off my v belts? Are they too tight

    • @AcoemUSA
      @AcoemUSA Місяць тому

      If you are referring to timing (synchronous) belts, there can be several causes of the teeth failing: 1. Misalignment and improper belt tension too loose or tight can cause belt failure and should be checked/corrected first. Use one of the available laser sheave/pulley alignment tools to check the alignment. A string or straight edge is not accurate enough as allowable misalignment is only 1/32" per foot of length between the shaft centerlines. Check and adjust the belt tension using a spring or sonic tensioner. The timing belt manufacturer will specify how much force is required for the amount of deflection based on the belt size. 2. Timing belts have either trapezoidal or curvilinear tooth profiles that mesh with profiles in the sheave like a gear. Check the tooth profiles of the sheaves, worn profiles can cause early belt failure even with a new belt. Also check that the belt and sheave profiles match. Did a sheave get replaced with one with an incorrect tooth profile or pitch diameter? Also timing belt sheaves should be replaced more frequently then V-belt sheaves due to the tolerances between belt and sheave tooth profiles. 3. Did the timing belt wear "normally" before? If so, what changed in the process? Is it running at higher RPM's? Was a larger motor installed? Does a change in the process require more torque? If so, then a change in the belt size is more than likely needed. Hope this helps!

  • @washington_pc3306
    @washington_pc3306 Місяць тому

    Cool Video. Where can we get this tool?

    • @AcoemUSA
      @AcoemUSA Місяць тому

      Thanks! You should be able to find them on Grainger or Amazon. Browning makes one that we would recommend!

  • @mohanchandra4385
    @mohanchandra4385 Місяць тому

    I like your videos sir

  • @mx5058
    @mx5058 3 місяці тому

    Can you give example TIR of unacceptable alignment that exceeds 15%

  • @bimatube1274
    @bimatube1274 3 місяці тому

    Hello, I just a used Ammco 2250 mic and it has spring ratchet, but doesn’t make click sound when I turn it. Do you know if it’s normal it doesn’t make click or is just the way designs it on the past. Thanks

    • @AcoemUSA
      @AcoemUSA 3 місяці тому

      Some micrometers don’t have a ratchet so just tighten it gently until you feel it stop. Hope that helps!

    • @bimatube1274
      @bimatube1274 3 місяці тому

      @@AcoemUSA thanks

  • @emmanuelphiri2086
    @emmanuelphiri2086 3 місяці тому

    Perfect explanation, thanks, also include source of the tools you are using in the description

    • @AcoemUSA
      @AcoemUSA 3 місяці тому

      No problem @emmanuelphiri2086 ! Thank you for watching.

  • @IXtreMI
    @IXtreMI 4 місяці тому

    Nice video very helpful thank you! I have a laser alignment tool and i searching a another tool than the frequence meter to measure the tension of the belt (little expensive). I can't find the app you mention on the google store do you have a another link to it please ?! I live in UE. Thank you Best regards

    • @AcoemUSA
      @AcoemUSA 4 місяці тому

      Thank you, we are glad that the video helped! Are you using an Android or Apple device to download it? If you are on Android, you may be able to download the app from this page and download it to your device: browning-power-transmission-solutions.en.aptoide.com/app

  • @harunmushtaq
    @harunmushtaq 4 місяці тому

    Thank you sir

  • @vieuxacadian9455
    @vieuxacadian9455 4 місяці тому

    Interesting comparison . I've used dials for 40 years now and cant personally afford to buy digital at $2K and up .

    • @AcoemUSA
      @AcoemUSA 4 місяці тому

      If it gets the job done, then power to you! Its a tool that stands the test of time.

  • @UHTMK3579
    @UHTMK3579 5 місяців тому

    Very complicated

  • @AcoemUSA
    @AcoemUSA 6 місяців тому

    Please let us know if you have any questions about anything/everything machine vibration related. We are here to help!

  • @harshboraniya3734
    @harshboraniya3734 6 місяців тому

    If you guys can make a video on the shaft play according to the bearings like if there is case where the Multistage charge pump having Babbit/Journal bearing along with deep groove ball bearing at DE side and on opposite they have Angular Contact ball bearings with an arrangement to compensate the axial thrust, In that case if the shaft dia is more resulting more play of shaft with bearings, when to use two plunger dial indicators on face of Coupling hub with one on top/rim and when to use single gauge on face with one on rim on the coupling hub(Generally they say when there is shaft play>+_0.05mm it would be correct to use two dial indicators placed at 180° on face of hub) In short is there any specific criteria for using two gauges on face while rim and face alignment, Its quite interesting to understand these things but it gives sometimes headache😅

  • @harshboraniya3734
    @harshboraniya3734 6 місяців тому

    Can you guys just tell me it's quite confusing to understand why two plunger dial indicators used on FACE in rim and face alignment in condition where it seems to be high rotor play(maybe > 0.05mm shaft play), I mean I don't get a point where some people do just A1-A2 and some do [A1+A2]/2, And if subtraction(A1-A2) why logically And if addition(A1+A2) why logically I have a little confusion about above mentioned things only and it would be helpful for me to understand more correctly if you approach here to answer.

  • @ncameron7
    @ncameron7 6 місяців тому

    Would have been nice to show a qorn groove versus an acceptable groove

  • @Granahe501
    @Granahe501 6 місяців тому

    Thanks Acoem USA for sharing this video. It is much appreciated.

    • @AcoemUSA
      @AcoemUSA 6 місяців тому

      @Granahe501 Thank you for watching!

    • @waleneliyata1252
      @waleneliyata1252 5 місяців тому

      Can you explane how shuld we ajust belt.. How to find that set point

    • @AcoemUSA
      @AcoemUSA 5 місяців тому

      @@waleneliyata1252 Loosen the motor-side bolts, move it accordingly (in the direction that you need to go), tighten the bolts, and then re-check.

    • @barbarakrawczyk3248
      @barbarakrawczyk3248 4 місяці тому

      @@AcoemUSA How to check the linearity and alignment of pulleys in a car? Can AT-400 do this?

    • @AcoemUSA
      @AcoemUSA 4 місяці тому

      @@barbarakrawczyk3248 The AT-400 is designed for performing shaft alignments of direct coupled machines and is not used for belt drives. Our Belt Hog is designed to perform pulley/sheave alignment of V-Belt driven machines. There are also adapters available to align Positive Drive/Synchronous Belts and Sprockets. Most vehicles today use serpentine belts, which the Belt Hog adapters aren't designed for. If your vehicle does have V-belts there may not be enough clearance for the Belt Hog to fit. If it's a larger vehicle like a bus it's possible the Belt Hog MAY fit. Here's a link to a blog showing Belt Hogs being used for V-belt alignment on buses. acoem.us/blog/belt-alignment/belt-hog-busses/

  • @the_chaser6120
    @the_chaser6120 7 місяців тому

    Stan is a sexy sexy man

  • @RaulGonzalez-jh8xw
    @RaulGonzalez-jh8xw 8 місяців тому

    Very very good thank you very much

  • @juanmelgar5073
    @juanmelgar5073 8 місяців тому

    Great video!

  • @AcoemUSA
    @AcoemUSA 8 місяців тому

    Drop us a comment if you have any questions about offset and/or angularity! We are here to help answer.

    • @vitor_ternero_
      @vitor_ternero_ 8 місяців тому

      Good evening, great video!! About the vertizontal method using dials: how I do the maths for this method? Is it a reverse method but the dials are at the same position?

    • @AcoemUSA
      @AcoemUSA 8 місяців тому

      @@vitor_ternero_ Yes, you can perform a Reverse Dial Indicator Alignment using the VertiZontal Method. When using the VertiZontal Method for reverse dials we only take 3 measurements (based on the Validity Rule). Be sure to control coupling backlash when rotating the shafts. Looking from the outboard end of the movable machine to the stationary machine: Zero both dials at 9 o'clock. Rotate the shafts 180 degrees to 3 o'clock and note the dials readings (+ or -). This is T.I.R. (Total Indicator Reading). 1/2 the TIR on both dials, now the S & M dial indicators both show True Position. Rotate the shafts/dials back to 12 o'clock. The S & M dials show True Position for the vertical plane. The S & M dials readings are used to calculate or plot the movable feet position. The math to calculate the movable feet position for vertical correction is: Dimension A is the distance from the S indicator plunger to the M indicator plunger. Dimension B is the distance from the M indicator plunger to the front foot bolt center. Dimension C is the distance from the front foot bolt center to the rear foot bolt center. Front Foot position calculation: ((M - S) ÷ A (B)) + M Rear Foot position calculation: ((M - S) ÷ A (B + C )) + M Leave the hold down bolts loose after shimming, rotate the shafts/dials back to 3 o'clock and adjust the motor horizontally using the NEAR-NEAR and FAR-FAR method. Look at the M indicator (near) when adjusting the front (near) foot. Look at the S indicator (far) when adjusting the rear (far) feet. Adjust the movable machine until both dials read zero. Tighten the hold down bolts, then remeasure and repeat the VertiZontal as needed. You can also download and use the Fixturlaser Dials app whichs steps you through the VertiZontal method, gives results for both vertical and horizontal, shows how much shim to add/subtract, etc. This video will help as well, which shows how to align using the VertiZontal method and dials: ua-cam.com/video/CLyG-8wq268/v-deo.html

    • @vitor_ternero_
      @vitor_ternero_ 8 місяців тому

      @@AcoemUSA Thank you. Great explanation.

    • @AcoemUSA
      @AcoemUSA 8 місяців тому

      @@vitor_ternero_ No problem! We hope that it helped.

  • @AcoemUSA
    @AcoemUSA 8 місяців тому

    Have any shaft alignment questions? If so, drop us a comment and we will try to help!

    • @fraolelhm6824
      @fraolelhm6824 7 місяців тому

      PLEASE TYPES OF COUPLING AND ALIGMENT

  • @kaydenfinn2651
    @kaydenfinn2651 10 місяців тому

    🤭 P R O M O S M

  • @SonuSonu-hn8rn
    @SonuSonu-hn8rn Рік тому

    can you let me know how do we read the dial indicator and calculate when using 3 dial indicator, 2 nos for axial and one for horizontal

  • @kharlabrielambos1093
    @kharlabrielambos1093 Рік тому

    The animations are so well done and very understandable explanation. Thanks!

    • @AcoemUSA
      @AcoemUSA 11 місяців тому

      Thank you! We are glad it was easy to follow!

  • @nishan3895
    @nishan3895 Рік тому

    How can we enter the thermal growth or desired reading for hot alignments

  • @paulh5049
    @paulh5049 Рік тому

    The validity rule makes no sense to me. I'm following your math, but how exactly does horizontal readings = vertical readings? You could very well be out 0.050" horizontally and only 0.002" vertically, then the validity rule couldn't apply.

  • @JaykeSapalaran-iq3qs
    @JaykeSapalaran-iq3qs Рік тому

    Thank you very much for sharing your knowledge ♥️🇵🇭 GREAT VIDEO tutorial 👍♥️

  • @tsi87supr60
    @tsi87supr60 Рік тому

    🤔 i noticed the gauges were facing each other on the dial setup. Why not have them face one direction? This way you aren't adjusting yourself to see one then adjusting yourself to see the other. That's wasted time on every measurement.

  • @killtime351
    @killtime351 Рік тому

    If you're a teacher who makes students watch this video, Then fuck you!

  • @justinodden2126
    @justinodden2126 Рік тому

    Excellent educational video. Thanks, James!

  • @ncameron7
    @ncameron7 Рік тому

    Do you have this in a PDF by chance?

    • @AcoemUSA
      @AcoemUSA Рік тому

      It's funny you ask because we are working currently working on one. Shoot us your email and we will send you the PDF version once it is ready.

    • @AcoemUSA
      @AcoemUSA Рік тому

      The PDF is ready! Send us your email address and we can send you the PDF version.

  • @MAC.60
    @MAC.60 Рік тому

    Which method you are following? Because you are taking reading of Rim , how about face out? I never see anyone using single dial gauge😊 What is tolerance of Alignment per API686 standard?

  • @raquelsapalaran2907
    @raquelsapalaran2907 Рік тому

    great video tutorial, very informative, thank you for sharing your knowledge.

  • @muhammadnasrullah3046
    @muhammadnasrullah3046 Рік тому

    Your videos are very informative and the method of teaching is so beautiful.thank you .

  • @muhammadnasrullah3046
    @muhammadnasrullah3046 Рік тому

    How many clearance between bearing's ball and races of c1.

  • @assanesy2142
    @assanesy2142 Рік тому

    Great tablet wallpaper, used to be a stock wallpaper of the android lollipop version which I was rocking on my nexus 6p phone

  • @PinoCorradino
    @PinoCorradino Рік тому

    👍👍👍

  • @digantadutta2528
    @digantadutta2528 Рік тому

    If allowable thermal growth of movable machine is 10 thou ,what should i enter in the target value screen. I mean +10 thou or -10 thou

  • @jarumia
    @jarumia Рік тому

    El video esta muy bien, hecho en falta que reste la flexa que produce la gravedad sobre la posición 0 y 6. Siempre hay caida del reloj comparador en 0 y 6, siempre.... En Jupiter mucho más y en la luna mucho menos. En la tierra tenemos gravedad.... Señores...

  • @fedeliber8607
    @fedeliber8607 Рік тому

    amazing video! which program you use for editing this?

  • @saith.649
    @saith.649 Рік тому

    Thank you very much! Sir I am student of mechanical it's very simple and helpful video.Love from Pakistan.

  • @johnday2676
    @johnday2676 Рік тому

    I started in ammonia and freon compressor alignments in 1982. I started with dials and still use them. Although I have had several laser type alignment tools demoed, I still prefer my dials. The electronics need to be calibrated once a year and I question at what point is the calibration giving me slightly inaccurate measurements. Then there's the battery issue. I do a lot in remote areas pumping water now. If I were to forget to charge or bring extra batteries, I'd be in trouble. The work area is generally very wet, dusted and in direct sunlight. My experience is electronics don't like those conditions. The last factor is cost. Lasers are expensive although I have seen them come down over the years. A laser is able to do the heat growth calculation for you but if you are experienced, you'll be able to compensate with your dials. Maybe I'm just old school. Maybe just too tight to spring for a laser. Either way I'm a dial guy. Thanks for the video.

    • @brapbrapmafucka
      @brapbrapmafucka 2 місяці тому

      I dropped lasergear in boiling water standing on a bfw pump base not long ago and it still works great lol

    • @brapbrapmafucka
      @brapbrapmafucka 2 місяці тому

      I still respect the fundimentals though

  • @Martinfelipa25
    @Martinfelipa25 2 роки тому

    Hello good morning, I would still like to buy the day indicators to have them with me. Can you help me to get them please, I am from Peru and I would like to buy them.

  • @sololester
    @sololester 2 роки тому

    Nice video but i would have liked Stan to use dials App to make it faster

  • @ypaulbrown
    @ypaulbrown 2 роки тому

    very well done video, easy to understand....thank you

  • @inerepamoizontimi7397
    @inerepamoizontimi7397 2 роки тому

    Thank you so much for your illustration. Now I clearly understand.

  • @muzaffaraliriaz1826
    @muzaffaraliriaz1826 2 роки тому

    Information are very good Thanks you sir